The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the French league champions and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the scoring in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 penalty victory.
The record champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.